Linux下虛擬主機(jī)配置

　目標(biāo)，在Linux進(jìn)行apache2.2版本和tomcat6版本的虛擬主機(jī)配置。有些時候apache2.2是不能將請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給tomcat的（例如直接處理靜態(tài)頁面的顯示），所以我們直接用ajp代理之類的簡單策略就沒有辦法區(qū)分動態(tài)項目和靜態(tài)項目處理方式了。在這個方面，tomcat早有準(zhǔn)備，推出了tomcat-connectors進(jìn)行了支持。
　　前期安裝：
　　1、apache已經(jīng)完全安裝到了/usr/local/apache2.2目錄下了，web服務(wù)端口是80。啟動后是apache的it works！提示
　　2、tomcat6已經(jīng)安裝到了/usr/local/tomcat6目錄下了。8009端口開發(fā)，web服務(wù)端口是8080。啟動后是tomcat的默認(rèn)頁。
　　我在tomcat6的webapps下已經(jīng)部署了兩個jsp項目MicTrader 和MicSeller。通過
　　http://ip:8080/MicTrader和http://ip:8080/MicSeller能訪問
　　3、jdk已經(jīng)安裝了，并且上邊的兩個服務(wù)已經(jīng)可用了
　　4、linux的RedHat4版本，相關(guān)編譯包已經(jīng)ok了
　　下載：
　　1、connector包：Apache Tomcat Connectors (mod_jk) 1.2.30 for Linux i586
　　命令：wget http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/binaries/linux/jk-1.2.30/i586/mod_jk-1.2.30-httpd-2.2.X.so
　　注意：http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/binaries/linux/jk-1.2.30/i586/這個頁面有介紹當(dāng)前版本支持的linux版本以及apache和tomcat的版本，千萬別下載錯了版本，否則linux的系統(tǒng)不支持訪問
　　2、下載后的so文件名：mod_jk-1.2.30-httpd-2.2.X.so
　　將文件拷貝并重命名到：/usr/local/apache2.2/modules/mod_jk.so
　　給文件賦予系統(tǒng)讀寫權(quán)限：cd /usr/local/apache2.2/modules
　　chmod 777 mod_jk.so
　　3、進(jìn)行相關(guān)文件的配置(操作前請備份一份)
　　（1）、配置httpd.conf。注意內(nèi)部標(biāo)注add by kongqz的地方。都是我加上去的。主要是進(jìn)行了mod_jk.so模塊加載，以及虛擬主機(jī)的配置兩個配置工作
　　#
　　# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the
　　# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
　　# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2> for detailed information.
　　# In particular, see
　　# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html>
　　# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
　　#
　　# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
　　# what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure
　　# consult the online docs. You have been warned.
　　#
　　# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
　　# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
　　# server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin
　　# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo_log"
　　# with ServerRoot set to "/usr/local/apache2.2" will be interpreted by the
　　# server as "/usr/local/apache2.2/logs/foo_log".
　　#
　　# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
　　# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
　　#
　　# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point
　　# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to point the LockFile directive
　　# at a local disk. If you wish to share the same ServerRoot for multiple
　　# httpd daemons, you will need to change at least LockFile and PidFile.
　　#
　　ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache2.2"
　　#
　　# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
　　# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
　　# directive.
　　#
　　# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
　　# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
　　#
　　#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
　　Listen 80
　　#
　　# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
　　#
　　# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
　　# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
　　# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
　　# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
　　# to be loaded here.
　　#
　　# Example:
　　# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
　　#
　　LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so
　　LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so
　　LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so
　　LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so
　　LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so
　　LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
　　LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
　　LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
　　LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so
　　LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so
　　LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
　　LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
　　LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so
　　LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so
　　LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so
　　LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so
　　LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so
　　LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
　　LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so
　　LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so
　　LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
　　LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
　　LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so
　　LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
　　LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
　　LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
　　LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so
　　LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
　　LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
　　LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so
　　LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so
　　LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so
　　LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
　　LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
　　LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
　　LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
　　LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
　　LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
　　LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so
　　LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
　　LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
　　LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
　　LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
　　LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
　　LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
　　LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so
　　LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so
　　LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
　　LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
　　LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
　　LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
　　LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
　　LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.so
　　LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so
　　LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
　　LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so
　　LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
　　LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
　　#add by kongqz 20101214
　　LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
　　#AddModule mod_jk.c
　　Include /usr/local/apache2.2/conf/mod_jk.conf
　　<IfModule !mpm_netware_module>
　　<IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>
　　#
　　# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
　　# httpd as root initially and it will switch.
　　#
　　# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
　　# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
　　# running httpd, as with most system services.
　　#
　　User daemon
　　Group daemon
　　</IfModule>
　　</IfModule>
　　# 'Main' server configuration
　　#
　　# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
　　# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
　　# <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for
　　# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
　　#
　　# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
　　# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
　　# virtual host being defined.
　　#
　　#
　　# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
　　# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
　　# as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com
　　#
　　ServerAdmin you@example.com
　　#
　　# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
　　# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
　　# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
　　#
　　# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
　　#
　　#ServerName www.example.com:80
　　#
　　# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
　　# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
　　# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
　　#
　　DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.2/htdocs"
　　#
　　# Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect
　　# to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that
　　# directory (and its subdirectories).
　　#
　　# First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of
　　# features.
　　#
　　<Directory />
　　Options FollowSymLinks
　　AllowOverride None
　　Order deny,allow
　　Deny from all
　　</Directory>
　　#
　　# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
　　# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
　　# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
　　# below.
　　#
　　#
　　# This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.
　　#
　　<Directory "/usr/local/apache2.2/htdocs">
　　#
　　# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
　　# or any combination of:
　　# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
　　#
　　# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
　　# doesn't give it to you.
　　#
　　# The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
　　# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
　　# for more information.
　　#
　　Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
　　#
　　# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
　　# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
　　# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
　　#
　　AllowOverride None
　　#
　　# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
　　#
　　Order allow,deny
　　Allow from all
　　</Directory>
　　#
　　# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
　　# is requested.
　　#
　　<IfModule dir_module>
　　DirectoryIndex index.html index.jsp
　　</IfModule>
　　#
　　# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
　　# viewed by Web clients.
　　#
　　<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
　　Order allow,deny
　　Deny from all
　　Satisfy All
　　</FilesMatch>
　　#
　　# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
　　# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
　　# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
　　# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
　　# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
　　#
　　ErrorLog "logs/error_log"
　　#
　　# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
　　# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
　　# alert, emerg.
　　#
　　LogLevel warn
　　<IfModule log_config_module>
　　#
　　# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
　　# a CustomLog directive (see below).
　　#
　　LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
　　LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
　　<IfModule logio_module>
　　# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
　　LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
　　</IfModule>
　　#
　　# The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
　　# If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
　　# container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*
　　# define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
　　# logged therein and *not* in this file.
　　#
　　CustomLog "logs/access_log" common
　　#
　　# If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
　　# (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
　　#
　　#CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
　　</IfModule>
　　<IfModule alias_module>
　　#
　　# Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to
　　# exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client
　　# will make a new request for the document at its new location.
　　# Example:
　　# Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar
　　#
　　# Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
　　# access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
　　# Example:
　　# Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
　　#
　　# If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
　　# require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely
　　# need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
　　# the filesystem path.
　　#
　　# ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
　　# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
　　# documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
　　# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
　　# client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
　　# directives as to Alias.
　　#
　　ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache2.2/cgi-bin/"
　　</IfModule>
　　<IfModule cgid_module>
　　#
　　# ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX
　　# socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.
　　#
　　#Scriptsock logs/cgisock
　　</IfModule>
　　#
　　# "/usr/local/apache2.2/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
　　# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
　　#
　　<Directory "/usr/local/apache2.2/cgi-bin">
　　AllowOverride None
　　Options None
　　Order allow,deny
　　Allow from all
　　</Directory>
　　#
　　# DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document
　　# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.
　　# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is
　　# a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications
　　# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to
　　# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are
　　# text.
　　#
　　DefaultType text/plain
　　<IfModule mime_module>
　　#
　　# TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
　　# filename extension to MIME-type.
　　#
　　TypesConfig conf/mime.types
　　#
　　# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
　　# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
　　#
　　#AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
　　#
　　# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
　　# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
　　#
　　#AddEncoding x-compress .Z
　　#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
　　#
　　# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
　　# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
　　#
　　AddType application/x-compress .Z
　　AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
　　#
　　# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
　　# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
　　# or added with the Action directive (see below)
　　#
　　# To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
　　# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
　　#
　　#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
　　# For type maps (negotiated resources):
　　#AddHandler type-map var
　　#
　　# Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
　　#
　　# To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
　　# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
　　#
　　#AddType text/html .shtml
　　#AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
　　</IfModule>
　　#
　　# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
　　# contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile
　　# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
　　#
　　#MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
　　#
　　# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
　　# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
　　#
　　# Some examples:
　　#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
　　#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
　　#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
　　#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
　　#
　　#
　　# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,
　　# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver
　　# files. This usually improves server performance, but must
　　# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted
　　# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
　　# broken on your system.
　　#
　　#EnableMMAP off
　　#EnableSendfile off
　　# Supplemental configuration
　　#
　　# The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be
　　# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of
　　# the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as
　　# necessary.
　　# Server-pool management (MPM specific)
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
　　# Multi-language error messages
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf
　　# Fancy directory listings
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf
　　# Language settings
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf
　　User home directories
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
　　# Real-time info on requests and configuration
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
　　# Virtual hosts
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
　　# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf
　　# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf
　　# Various default settings
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
　　#add by kongqz 20101214
　　NameVirtualHost *:80
　　<VirtualHost *:80>
　　DocumentRoot /usr/local/tomcat6/webapps/MicSeller
　　ServerName seller.linuxidc.com
　　ErrorLog logs/seller-error_log.log
　　CustomLog logs/seller-access_log.log common
　　JkMount /* worker1
　　</VirtualHost>
　　<VirtualHost *:80>
　　DocumentRoot /usr/local/tomcat6/webapps/MicTrader
　　ServerName trader.linuxidc.com
　　ErrorLog logs/trader-error_log.log
　　CustomLog logs/trader-access_log.log common
　　JkMount /* worker1
　　</VirtualHost>
　　# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
　　#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
　　#
　　# Note: The following must must be present to support
　　# starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent
　　# but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.
　　#
　　<IfModule ssl_module>
　　SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
　　SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
　　</IfModule>
　　（2）、增加mod_jk.conf配置文件。這里我將host表中的ip指向服務(wù)器，并將域名seller.linuxidc.com和trader.linuxidc.com也一并指向到此服務(wù)器
　　JkWorkersFile /usr/local/apache2.2/conf/workers.properties
　　# Where to put jk logs
　　JkLogFile /usr/local/apache2.2/logs/mod_jk.log
　　# Set the jk log level [debug/error/info]
　　JkLogLevel info
　　# Select the log format
　　JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]"
　　# JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,
　　JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
　　# JkRequestLogFormat set the request format
　　JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T"
　　JkMount /servlet/* worker1
　　JkMount /*.jsp worker1
　　JkMount /MicSeller/* worker1
　　JkMount /MicTrader/* worker1
　　（3）、增加配置文件workers.properties
　　# Defining a worker named worker1 and of type ajp13
　　worker.list=worker1
　　# Set properties for worker1
　　worker.worker1.type=ajp13
　　worker.worker1.host=localhost
　　worker.worker1.port=8009
　　worker.worker1.lbfactor=50
　　worker.worker1.cachesize=10
　　worker.worker1.cache_timeout=600
　　worker.worker1.socket_keepalive=1
　　worker.worker1.socket_timeout=300
　　4、進(jìn)行訪問：
　　配合上邊的三個文件的配置，我就可以通過
　　http://seller.linuxidc.com/MicSeller/
　　http://trader.linuxidc.com/MicTrader/
　　訪問指定的項目了
　　5、如果是靜態(tài)html文件項目的訪問咋辦？
　　就在我們的http.conf項目中的配置更改如下：
　　<VirtualHost *:80>
　　DocumentRoot /usr/local/static
　　ServerName static.linuxidc.com
　　ErrorLog logs/static-error_log.log
　　CustomLog logs/static-access_log.log common
　　# JkMount /* worker1
　　</VirtualHost>
　　就是不做轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)了，將JkMount 這行去掉
　　6、如果是我想配合php也一并部署到一個節(jié)點上行嗎？
　　經(jīng)過測試，在windows下沒有問題。安裝完畢php后，直接配置部署php相關(guān)模塊在httpd.conf中，還是老樣子，只要不指定JkMount.請求就不會轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到tomcat。
　　總結(jié)：上邊我只是配置了java項目的虛擬主機(jī)配置方案。更多的時候是為了兼容php或者apache直接進(jìn)行靜態(tài)文件的訪問。如果只是想在tomcat前放個apache，有更簡單的方法，ajp反向代理，直接進(jìn)行8009端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。

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